Vascular diseases are a very common occurrence that can happen to everyone. Like many other diseases, varicose veins have their own stages and if the initial manifestations of pathology are more commonly accompanied by discomfort, the last stage is dangerous not only to health but also to human life. In order to avoid the occurrence of such serious consequences, such as damage and others, it is necessary to know the main characteristics of the manifestation of varicose veins, its development and ways to prevent its complications.
The concept of varicose veins
Varicose veins are a disease that affects the muscle and connective tissue of the vascular wall, as well as their valve apparatus. As a result, the veins widen, the circulation at this site, the reverse blood of the blood through the vessels.
Most people know about varicose veins on their feet. But there are other locations of the disease, as the vessels can be affected in any part of the body.
Most often in medical practice, varicose veins of the pelvic organs (bladder, uterus), perineum (scrotum, rectum, vagina) are diagnosed. In any case, however, the clinical picture of the disease depends on the site of damage and the stage of pathology.
Varicose veins in men and its characteristics
At a young age (an average of 10-12 years old), a young man may encounter a disease such as varicose veins of the scrotum. In science, this condition is called "varicocele".It can be found during a simple examination and palpation of the scrotum. Clinically varicocele is manifested through a number of symptoms that include:
- pain on the side or half -affected scrotum, intensifying after physical activity;
- weight in the testis;
- Infertility.
However, often varicocele may not be displayed at all and be identified accidentally during a planned study.
This disease distinguishes three stages:
- A slight enlargement of the veins, which can be seen when the patient performs the valsal sample (tension);
- The veins are visible and palpated in the calm state of the patient;
- The vessels are sharply changed, convincing, full of blood. The testa in the area affected by the disease is reduced in size, has a test consistency.
In adult patients, varicose veins of scrotum are often diagnosed in the treatment of a doctor with complaints of the inability to have a child. There is a theory according to which varicocele affects fertility (the ability to reproduce offspring) by raising the temperature inside the scrotum, which adversely affects the testis and spermatogenesis. In addition, this type of varicose veins in men is often combined with damage to the vessels on the legs.
The diagnosis of the disease is simple.As mentioned earlier, you can suspect varicose veins of the scrotum during normal examination and then confirm an ultrasound examination of the vascular beam. Only surgery is used as a method of treatment: the doctor simply ligates varicose veins, the blood circulation is performed according to anastomoses. However, it should be borne in mind that, as with varicose veins, the operation does not guarantee complete healing. In addition, the disease is in many cases recurrent.
Characteristics of varicose veins in women
Pelvic varicose veins.For women, this disease is a risk of reduction in the fetus. As mentioned above, varicose veins can appear on any part of the body, including in the pelvis. During pregnancy, the situation worsens as, first, the vessels of the abdominal cavity stretch as the fetus grows, and secondly, the uterus grows by size, puts pressure on them. Due to these processes, the blood circulation of the placenta is disturbed, which can lead to its rejection. In this case, of course, the likelihood of losing a child increases significantly.
Sometimes varicose veins debut during pregnancy.Before conception, a woman could not even suspect that she had a tendency to illness. However, during the period of fetal bearing, the female body is subjected to certain changes in the body that can provoke certain diseases, including varicose veins. Such changes include:
- Changing the hormonal background;
- weight gain;
- Anatomical changes.
In addition, the number of births is directly proportional to the risk of profit subsequent pathology. In addition to pelvic varicose veins, other complications may occur during pregnancy:
- rupture of the uterine veins during birth;
- thrombophlebitis;
- dermatitis, trophic ulcers;
- venous deficiency.
Thus, pregnancy is a factor that, unfortunately, can provoke varicose veins as it contributes to the faster development of pathology and requires preventative measures with a specific diagnosis.
Other consequences of varicose veins
Thrombophlebitis.Often varicose veins and venous deficiency lead to inflammation of the walls of the blood vessels - phlebitis, which can be combined with the formation of blood clots - thrombophlebitis. In principle, this disease affects the vessels of the lower limbs, resulting in patients complaining of severe pain in the affected areas of the legs. Symptoms of a general inflammatory reaction are noted: fever, weakness. If treatment is not started on time, the process is applied to other veins, the patient's condition worsens.
Thromboembolism.In the presence of thrombophlebitis and varicose veins, there is a risk of severe complication - thromboembolism. It occurs due to the separation of the blood clot from the wall of the vessel, followed by the obstruction of the most important trunks that nourish the heart, light and brain.
Initially, a blood clot may be, for example, in the legs (this is the most common). However, from the lower limb, it is forced to move through the flow of blood to different parts of the body. As a result, by falling into the smaller branches of the vascular system, the blood clot causes a collapse, resulting in the circulation of the site impaired with the appearance of ischemia and then necrosis. This is clinically manifested by heart attack, stroke or pulmonary and fat (pulmonary artery thromboembolism), which often ends death.
Treatment of patients who are diagnosed with such a diagnosis should only be performed in intensive care and intensive care wards. The measures to provide the patient's assistance in this case should be taken immediately - only in this case the patient has a chance of salvation.
Dermatitis.Most often, this unpleasant complication occurs on the inner surface of the lower leg, manifests as a number of symptoms that include:
- thinning of the skin;
- epidermal pigmentation;
- itching of the affected area;
- The appearance of bubbles that tend to "open", leading to stratification of the skin;
- Impaired sensitivity of the affected area.
Dermatitis does not heal well, it can be difficult to treat. The presence of a thrombus leads to the appearance of trophic ulcers - areas of skin death. In the future, the infection can join ulcers from which purulent wounds may occur.
TelenoEctasis.This cosmetic defect, which looks like vascular "stars", is a consequence of tearing of small surface capillaries and a sign of the initial stage of varicose veins.
Hemorrhoids.This is a very common disease - nothing more than varicose veins of the rectum. It is manifested by the appearance of so -called hemorrhoid nodes, which are often able to come out, break and inflate. This causes considerable concern for patients.
Diagnostic methods
The easiest and most affordable way to detect varicose veins and its complications are the ultrasound Doppler veins of the lower limbs. In the course of this study, the blood flow, the blood vessels and the condition of their walls are as a whole are evaluated. In this way, the above diagnosis helps to detect blood clots. Moreover, all patients with varicose veins are needed to undergo Doppler before any surgical intervention in order to exclude the presence of blood clots to avoid complications.
In cases where the patient is suspected of venous deficiency or thrombosis, doctors recommend X-ray-contrasting phlebography (a method for evaluating the work of the veins).
To do this, a special serum is introduced into the vessel - albumin, after which X -Ray is taken on which impulses coming from vein will be registered. Then the result is evaluated.
You can complete the study with computed tomography with the contrast of military trunks. This method is the most right, but more expensive. Nevertheless, this method of diagnostics not only allows to identify vascular diseases, but also to evaluate the condition of other body systems and tissues.
Treatment of complications
Therapy for the effects of varicose veins depends on the current condition of the patient and directly the type of complication. Thus, thrombophlebitis requires a prescription of blood, anti -inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, painkillers. As the inflammatory process disappears, physiotherapy, hirudotherapy (leeches) is recommended. Surgery can be proposed as ethitrous treatment - ligation and removal of a vein.
Trophic ulcers are poorly treated.The surgeon removes areas of necrosis, prescribes dressings with antiseptic and ointments. Along with these manipulations, antibacterial therapy and blood flow to Vienna are performed.
Vascular stars are eliminated by sclerotherapy, that is, the so -called "gluing" of the lumen of the veins. After the procedure, it is prescribed to wear a compression linen to prevent relapse.
Other complications, such as hemorrhoids, varicocele and varicose veins of the pelvis, can only be cured surgically after a thorough examination and identify the affected vein.
Forecast
An unfavorable prognosis is observed in the case of pulmonary artery thromboembolism, the number of deaths, which reaches 75%. Also, thrombophlebitis with trophic lesions of the skin has a characteristic of non -syruption, since such a disease has constant changes in the blood vessels and the risk of infection also increases, leading to a number of complications. The effects of the disease can often lead the patient to disability.
The indication of the provision of a patient for disability are:
- The presence of thrombosis and transferred thromboembolism;
- repeated erysipelas;
- post -clombophlebitis syndrome;
- Ineffective surgical treatment.
Most often, the damage is given to patients with the last stage of varicose veins with constantly impaired performance.